| Protein |
ex |
em |
Extinction Coeff |
QY |
Brightness |
Aggregation |
pKa |
Source |
Notes |
| Green Proteins |
| EGFP |
488 |
507 |
56000 |
0.6 |
33.6 |
Monomer |
|
Clontech |
|
| Emerald |
487 |
509 |
57500 |
0.68 |
37.3 |
Monomer |
|
[8] |
EGFP derivative; 5-fold brighter at 37° C |
| CoralHue® Azami Green |
492 |
505 |
72300 |
0.67 |
48.4 |
Tetramer |
<5.0 |
MBL International |
from [11] |
| CoralHue® Monomeric Azami Green |
492 |
505 |
55000 |
0.74 |
40.7 |
Monomer |
5.8 |
MBL International |
from [11] |
| CopGFP |
482 |
502 |
70000 |
0.6 |
42.0 |
Monomer |
|
Evrogen |
Faster folding, less pH sensitive than EGFP |
| AceGFP |
480 |
505 |
50000 |
0.55 |
27.5 |
Monomer |
|
Evrogen |
|
| ZsGreen1 |
493 |
505 |
35600 |
0.63 |
22.4 |
Tetramer |
|
Clontech |
from [1] |
| TagGFP |
482 |
505 |
58200 |
0.59 |
34.3 |
Monomer |
4.7 |
Evrogen |
|
| TurboGFP |
482 |
502 |
70000 |
0.53 |
37.1 |
Dimer |
5.2 |
Evrogen |
|
| mUKG |
483 |
499 |
60000 |
0.72 |
43.2 |
Monomer |
5.2 |
Evrogen |
from [26] |
Blue/UV Proteins |
| EBFP |
380 |
440 |
29000 |
0.31 |
9.0 |
Monomer |
|
Clontech |
|
| GFPuv |
395 |
509 |
30000 |
0.79 |
23.7 |
Monomer |
|
Clontech |
|
| Sapphire |
399 |
511 |
29000 |
0.64 |
18.6 |
Monomer |
|
[8] |
aka H9-40 |
| T-Sapphire |
399 |
511 |
44000 |
0.6 |
26.4 |
Monomer |
|
[12] |
faster folding than Sapphire |
Cyan Proteins |
| ECFP |
433 |
475 |
32500 |
0.4 |
13.0 |
Monomer |
4.7 |
Clontech |
|
| Cerulean |
433 |
475 |
43000 |
0.62 |
26.7 |
Monomer |
4.7 |
|
improved ECFP from [13] |
| AmCyan1 |
458 |
489 |
40000 |
0.24 |
9.6 |
Tetramer |
|
Clontech |
more photostable than ECFP; from [1] |
| CoralHue® Midoriishi-Cyan |
472 |
495 |
27250 |
0.9 |
24.5 |
Dimer |
6.6 |
MBL International |
from [14] |
| TagCFP |
458 |
480 |
37000 |
0.57 |
21.0 |
Monomer |
4.7 |
Evrogen |
|
| mTFP1 |
462 |
492 |
64000 |
0.85 |
54.0 |
Monomer |
4.3 |
Allele Biotech |
from [24] |
Yellow Proteins |
| EYFP |
513 |
527 |
83400 |
0.61 |
50.9 |
Monomer |
|
Clontech |
|
| Citrine |
516 |
529 |
77000 |
0.76 |
58.5 |
Monomer |
5.7 |
[2] |
EYFP derivative; Less Cl, pH sensitive |
| Venus |
515 |
528 |
92200 |
0.57 |
52.5 |
Monomer |
6.0 |
[9] |
EYFP derivative; 30-fold brighter at 37° C |
| PhiYFP |
525 |
537 |
130000 |
0.4 |
52.0 |
Monomer |
6.0 |
Evrogen |
|
| TagYFP |
508 |
524 |
64000 |
0.62 |
39.7 |
Monomer |
5.5 |
Evrogen |
|
| TurboYFP |
525 |
538 |
105000 |
0.53 |
55.7 |
Dimer |
|
Evrogen |
Fast maturing PhiYFP variant |
| ZsYellow1 |
529 |
539 |
20200 |
0.42 |
8.5 |
Tetramer |
|
Clontech |
from [1] |
Orange Proteins |
| CoralHue® Kusabira-Orange |
548 |
561 |
73700 |
0.45 |
33.2 |
Dimer |
<5.0 |
MBL International |
from [14] |
| CoralHue® Monomeric Kusabira-Orange |
548 |
559 |
51600 |
0.6 |
31.0 |
Monomer |
5.0 |
MBL International |
from [14] |
| mKOκ |
551 |
563 |
105000 |
0.61 |
64.0 |
Monomer |
4.2 |
|
faster maturing than mKO; from [26] |
| mOrange |
548 |
562 |
71000 |
0.69 |
49.0 |
Monomer |
<6.5 |
[16] |
~2.5 hr maturation time |
Red Proteins |
| tdimer2(12) |
552 |
579 |
120000 |
0.68 |
81.6 |
Monomer |
4.8 |
[3] |
Tandem dimer; functional monomer |
| mRFP1 |
584 |
607 |
44000 |
0.25 |
11.0 |
Monomer |
4.5 |
[3] |
|
| DsRed-Express |
557 |
579 |
31000 |
0.42 |
13.0 |
Tetramer |
|
Clontech |
DsRed.T1 from [4] |
| DsRed2 |
563 |
582 |
43800 |
0.55 |
24.1 |
Tetramer |
|
Clontech |
|
| DsRed-Monomer |
556 |
586 |
|
|
|
Monomer |
|
Clontech |
|
| HcRed1 |
588 |
618 |
|
|
|
Dimer |
|
Clontech |
HcRed-2A from [5] |
| AsRed2 |
576 |
592 |
56200 |
0.05 |
2.8 |
Tetramer |
|
Clontech |
asFP595 from [6]? |
| eqFP611 |
559 |
611 |
78000 |
0.45 |
35.1 |
Tetramer |
<4.0 |
[7] |
Tetramers dissociate at low concentration |
| mRaspberry |
598 |
625 |
86000 |
0.15 |
12.9 |
Monomer |
|
[15] |
~55 min maturation time |
| mCherry |
587 |
610 |
72000 |
0.22 |
15.8 |
Monomer |
<4.5 |
[16] |
~15 min maturation time |
| mStrawberry |
574 |
596 |
90000 |
0.29 |
26.1 |
Monomer |
<4.5 |
[16] |
~50 min maturation time |
| mTangerine |
568 |
585 |
38000 |
0.3 |
11.4 |
Monomer |
5.7 |
[16] |
|
| tdTomato |
554 |
581 |
138000 |
0.69 |
95.2 |
Monomer |
4.7 |
[16] |
~1 hr maturation time |
| TagRFP |
555 |
584 |
100000 |
0.48 |
49.0 |
Monomer |
3.8 |
Evrogen |
From [20] |
| JRed |
584 |
610 |
44000 |
0.2 |
8.8 |
Monomer? |
5.0 |
Evrogen |
|
| TurboFP602 |
574 |
602 |
74000 |
0.35 |
26 |
Dimer |
4.7 |
Evrogen |
|
Far Red Proteins |
| mPlum |
590 |
649 |
|
0.1 |
|
Monomer |
|
[15] |
~100 min maturation time |
| TurboFP635 |
588 |
635 |
65000 |
0.34 |
22.1 |
Dimer |
5.5 |
Evrogen |
aka Katushka; From [21] |
| TagFP635 |
588 |
635 |
45000 |
0.33 |
14.9 |
Monomer |
6.0 |
Evrogen |
aka mKate; From [21] |
| AQ143 |
595 |
655 |
90000 |
0.04 |
3.6 |
Tetramer |
|
|
from [25] |
| HcRed-Tandem |
590 |
637 |
160000 |
0.04 |
6.4 |
Monomer |
|
Evrogen |
Tandem dimer; functional monomer |
Large Stokes Shift Proteins |
| CoralHue® mKeima Red |
440 |
620 |
14400 |
0.24 |
3.5 |
Monomer |
6.5 |
MBL International |
From [22] |
| CoralHue® dKeima Red |
440 |
616 |
24600 |
0.31 |
7.6 |
Dimer |
6.5 |
MBL International |
From [22] |
| CoralHue® dKeima570 |
440 |
570 |
14400 |
0.15 |
2.2 |
Dimer |
6.5 |
MBL International |
From [22] |
Photoconvertible Proteins |
| CoralHue® Kaede (green) |
508 |
518 |
98800 |
0.88 |
86.9 |
Tetramer |
5.6 |
MBL International |
Green to red photoconversion, green state |
| CoralHue® Kaede (red) |
572 |
580 |
60400 |
0.33 |
19.9 |
Tetramer |
5.6 |
MBL International |
Same protein as above, after photoconversion |
| CoralHue® KikGR1 (green) |
507 |
517 |
53700 |
0.7 |
37.6 |
Tetramer |
7.8 |
MBL International |
Green to red photoconversion, green state; from [23] |
| CoralHue® KikGR1 (red) |
583 |
593 |
35100 |
0.65 |
22.8 |
Tetramer |
5.5 |
MBL International |
Same protein as above, after photoconversion; from [23] |
| KFP-Red |
580 |
600 |
59000 |
0.07 |
4.1 |
Tetramer |
|
Evrogen |
This data is for photoactivated state |
| PA-GFP |
504 |
517 |
17400 |
0.79 |
13.7 |
Monomer |
|
[10] |
This data is for photoactivated state |
| PS-CFP |
402 |
468 |
34000 |
0.16 |
5.44 |
Monomer |
4.0 |
[17] |
Before photoconversion |
| PS-CFP |
490 |
511 |
27000 |
0.19 |
5.13 |
Monomer |
6.0 |
[17] |
After photoconversion |
| mEosFP |
505 |
516 |
67200 |
0.64 |
43.0 |
Monomer |
5.5 |
[18] |
Before photoconversion |
| mEosFP |
569 |
581 |
37000 |
0.62 |
22.9 |
Monomer |
|
[18] |
After photoconversion |
| CoralHue® Dronpa |
503 |
518 |
95000 |
0.85 |
80.7 |
Monomer |
|
MBL International |
From [19]; Photoactivated form |
Notes:
This is not a complete list of existing fluorescent proteins. In general
I have included only those proteins that are commercially available or
that are well characterized and represent a clear improvement over existing
proteins. All values were taken from the manufacturers data or the indicated
papers. I cannot vouch for their reliability. Brightness is the product
of extinction coefficient and quantum yield, divided by 1000.
References:
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3. Campbell, R.E., et al., A monomeric red fluorescent protein. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002. 99(12): p. 7877-82.
4. Bevis, B.J. and B.S. Glick, Rapidly maturing variants of the Discosoma
red fluorescent protein (DsRed). Nat Biotechnol, 2002. 20(1):
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5. Gurskaya, N.G., et al., GFP-like chromoproteins as a source of far-red
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